Behaviorism

Cognitive Theory

Constructivism

Problem-Based Learning

Project-Based Learning

Theoretical Resources

References for Theories

Behaviorism
Behaviorism as a Learning Theory
Provides information on the development of behaviorist learning theories and the effect that behaviorism has on instructional technology. University of Houston at Clear Lake, Instructional Technology Department, 1995.
http://inst.cl.uh.edu/inst5931/Behaviorism.html

The Behavioral System
Discusses four types of behavioristic learning theories and associated terminology
http://www.valdosta.peachnet.edu/~whuitt/psy702/behsys/behsys.html

Dr. Huitt, Dept of Psychology, Counseling and Guidance, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, 1998. foundational page with link to Systems Model of Human Behavior
http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/interact.html

About Learning/Theories
by Fuunderstanding, 1998. Offers a search engine to find information about learning theories, designing schools and instruction, and how to determine if learning has occurred.
.http://funderstanding.com/learning_theory_how2.html

Criterion Referenced Instruction (R. Mager)
The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley, 1994, 99. Ò Describes principles and characteristics of Criterion Referenced Instruction.
http://www.media.gwu.edu/~tip/mager.html

BloomÌs Taxonomy (B. Bloom)
DLRN Technology Resource Network. Briefly describes BloomÌs Taxonomy and how distance learning technologies can be utilized in instruction based upon BloomÌs Taxonomy.
http://www.wested.org/tie/dlrn/blooms.html

BloomÌs Taxonomy and GronlundÌs General Instructional Objectives
University of Portsmouth. Relates BloomÌs Taxonomy and GronlundÌs General Instructional Objectives in a table format.
http://www2.civl.port.ac.uk/teaching/bloom.htm

Cognitive Development
Discusses PiagetÌs study into cognitive processes and the stages of cognitive development.
http://www.valdosta.peachnet.edu/~whuitt/psy702/cogsys/piaget.html

Cognitive/Learning Styles
The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley, 1994, 99. Ò Describes characteristics of cognitive styles.
http://www.media.gwu.edu/~tip/styles.html

Constructivist Theory (J. Bruner)
The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley, 1994, 99. ÒDiscusses the constructivist theory formed by Bruner which states that learning is an active process where the learner constructs new concepts based upon his/her prior knowledge.
http://www.gwu.edu/~tip/bruner.html

Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne)
The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley, 1994, 99.-Discusses GagneÌs 5 major categories of learning and instructional implications. Includes a video clip of Gagne discussing his work.
http://www.gwu.edu/~tip/gaaagne.html

Subsumption Theory (D. Ausebel)
The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley, 1994, 99.-Discusses and clarifies AusebelÌs subsumption theory and his promotion of advanced organizers.
http://www.gwu.edu/~tip/ausubel.html

Constructivism
The University of Colorado at Denver, School of Education, 1999. Provides links to definitions and readings on constructivist theories.
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc/constructivism.html

Constructivism Theory
CSCL Theories, Jy Wana Daphne Lin Hsiao, University of Texas. Brief discussion of the constructivist theory.
http://www.edb.utexas.edu/csclstudent/Dhsiao/theories.html#construct

Constructivism Theory
by Fuunderstanding, 1998. Breaks constructivism down and lists its implications on learning.
http://funderstanding.com/learning_theory_how1.html

Constructivism
Learning Theory Funhouse. Brief discussion of definition, explanation and implications of constructivism.
http://www.picce.uno.edu/SS/Theory/Construc.html

Social Development Theory (L. Vygotsky)
The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley, 1994, 99.-Discusses the two major aspects of VygotskyÌs theory Ò the role of social interaction on cognitive development and the "zone of proximal development."
http://www.gwu.edu/~tip/vygotsky.html

Vygotsky and Social Cognition
About Theories/Learning, by Fuunderstanding, 1998.Discusses the definition, explanation and impacts upon learning of VygotskyÌs Social Cognition theory.
http://funderstanding.com/learning_theory_how12.html

Have to check this site again. Dewey: http://www.siu.edu/~deweyctr/

Brown, B.L., 1998. Using Problem-solving Approaches in Vocational Education. EDRS Availability.

Shepherd, A. & Cosgriff, B. 1998. Problem-Based Learning: A Bridge Between Planning Education and Planning Practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research, v17, n4, 348-57.

Graham, W. & Legere, S.M. 1998. Four sides to every story: Creating Effective Multimedia Business Simulations. Journal of Instructional Delivery Systems. V12, n3, 3-8.

Martin, K.J., Chrispeels, J.H. & DÌEmidio-Caston, M. 1998. Exploring the Use of Problem-Based Learning for Developing Collaborative Leadership Skills. Journal of School Leadership, v 8, n5, 470-500.

Web-based references:

For more information on Problem-based learning:

http://edweb.sdsu.edu/clrit/learningtree/PBL/WhatisPBL.html

Advantages and key concepts of problem-based learning.

http://www.pbli.org/core.htm

A description of PBL and the essentials necessary to make a curriculum change to PBL.

http://memory.loc.gov

A description of a PBL teaching unit composed of two web-based activities.

Links to PBL projects in a variety of fields:

Combining Distance Learning and PBL with a Multimedia Approach in Biotechnology.

http://jeffline.tju.edu/CWIS/OAC/hslc/sym94/sym94prodoc13.html

Interactive Multimedia courseware and the Dental curriculum of the year 2000.

http://www.coe.uh.edu/insite/elec_pub/HTML1997/de_mack.htm

Use of the computer-based multimedia as a tool in a modified problem-based learning activity for Pharmacology.

http://jeffline.tju.edu/CWIS/OAC/hslc/sym94/sym94prodoc47.html

A prototype medical problem solving case study with multimedia software system.

This site is a valuable resource for those interested in Project-based learning. It contains an overview, definitions, a handbook for implementation, and sample uses of project-based learning.
http://www.bie.org/pbl/index.html

This site is a more practical guide to implementing Project-based learning in the classroom. It also provides a listserve for those who want to become more involved.
http://www.autodesk.com/foundation

This site provides a general overview of project-based Learning, but it also provides a valuable section on assessment of students when using Project-based learning.
http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/PBLGuide/WhyPBL.html

The name of this site is "The Challenge 2000 Multimedia Project: Project-Based Learning with Multimedia". This site provides the overview of the project-based learning, the combination of project-based learning and multimedia, the guide for assessing the outcome of project-based learning, and classroom examples. It also provides sample lessons based on the project-based learning for students from elementary to high school in a variety of subject areas.
http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/index.html

This site describe the ROCK project , which is an outcome of the project-based learning. It describes what they did, when they did, and how they did to produce the product.
http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/academics/rock/rock.htm:

This web-site provides the information about Dr. Liu. It provides electronic syllabi of her classes, projects her classes have done, publications, etc.
http://www.edb.utexas.edu/coe/depts/ci/it/liu.html

This web-site provides information about class called "Interactive Multimedia Design & Production". It provides what this course is about, class projects, and multimedia resources.
http://www.edb.utexas.edu/projects/mmdesign/mmdesign.html

This is homepage of University of Texas at Austin. It provides a variety of information about UT.
http://www.utexas.edu/

This site provides information about Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) of Vygotsky. It also presented its implication to education.
http://www.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/ET-IT/zpd.htm

This site provides information about Cognitive Apprenticeship. It provides some articles or papers related to cognitive apprenticeship and its implication to education.
http://www.wiso.gwdg.de/~ppreiss/didaktik/cognitapp.html

Liu, M. (1998). A study of engaging high-school students as multimedia designers in a cognitive apprenticeship-style learning environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 14(3), 387-415.

Liu, M. (1998). The effect of hypermedia authoring on elementary school studentsÌ creative thinking. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 19(1), 27-51.

Liu, M., & Rutledge, K. (1997). The effects of a "learner as multimedia designer" environment on at-risk high school studentsÌ motivation and learning of design knowledge. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 16(2), 145-177.

Liu, M. & Pedersen, S. (1998). The effect of being hypermedia designer on elementary school studentsÌ motivation and learning of design knowledge. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 9(2), 155-182.

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